Dr Carol Yu and Dr Ian Yeung
A major role of the central nervous system is in visual perception and co-ordination of eye movement. Hence, disorders of the central nervous system may present with visual signs including: drop in visual acuity, constriction of visual field and binocular diplopia. The neuro-ophthalmic examination involves assessment of both anatomical and functional elements of the visual…
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). Measuring the visual acuity of each eye is the first step of the neuro-ophthalmic examination. It should be carried out on every patient presenting with an ocular symptom. Distant visual acuity (at 6…
Different parts of the retina are particularly sensitive to certain hues. The majority of nerve fibres of the anterior visual pathways (optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tract) serve our central vision, which is particularly sensitive to red and green light. Hence, diseases of the optic nerve (optic neuropathies) will cause red-green colour desaturation. Technique…
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). The confrontation test is a quick screening test for gross visual field defects that can be done at the bedside. Spectacles should not be worn during the test as they may cause spurious…
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). The size of the pupillary aperture at any point in time is dependent on a balance between sympathetic tone, parasympathetic tone, the light reflex and the near reflex. The light reflex is an…