This is a collection of curated and illustrated 5-minute videos demonstrating common neurosurgical procedures performed by the Division of Neurosurgery. The aim is to stimulate interest, share the knowledge, and provide an opportunity for undergraduate medical students to have a taste of Neurosurgery in Action. We will include general and basic procedures in the beginning, and expand to more advanced operations later in the collection. Enjoy!
The patients in these two photos show the classical signs of Horner’s syndrome. In the first photo (Figure 1), there is left-sided partial ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis. Whilst in the second photo (Figure 2), there is right-sided ptosis and miosis. Horner’s syndrome is caused by a lesion affecting the sympathetic pathway. This pathway starts as…
In the first video, the patient has both horizontal nystagmus and vertical “down-beat” nystagmus. In the second video, the patient has a torsional nystagmus when looking to her right hand side. Discussion of the sign Nystagmus is defined as a rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. It usually consists of a slow drifting phase in one direction and a…
The set of MRIs shown here are from a middle-aged woman with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) – an autoimmune astrocytopathy. She was diagnosed with left sided optic neuritis 18 months ago, at that time presenting with subacute onset of left eye visual loss, as well as pain upon eye movement. There were no other neurological symptoms…
These two videos are from a middle-aged man presenting with progressive bilateral lower limb and right upper limb weakness for few months. In the first video, there are prominent fasciculations over the entire right upper limb. Whilst in the second video, fasciculations can also be noted over both lower limbs, but more prominent on the…
Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia and accounts for approximately 10% of all dementias in developed countries. The incidence of vascular dementia increases with age and are associated with common cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia etc.). Patients often present with a sudden, stepwise, neurological deterioration and there may be other…
The set of cranial MRIs shown here are from a young woman with a known history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In the first scan (T2W axial cut), we can see multiple T2 hyperintense lesions involving bilateral cerebral cortices (Figure 1). These lesions are noted to be of a juxta-cortical and also peri-ventricular distribution, which are classical of multiple sclerosis. In the next…