Ischaemic Changes of Different Anatomical Regions or Vascular Territories
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Ischaemic Changes of Different Anatomical Regions or Vascular Territories

Bilateral watershed infarct The non-contrast CT brain shown is from a patient with bilateral watershed infarct. Here, chronic ischaemic changes can be seen along the external or cortical watershed zones  (Figures 1 and 2). These “borderzones” is where the terminal vasculature of the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery meet as well as where the middle…

Ischaemic Strokes of Different Etiologies
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Ischaemic Strokes of Different Etiologies

There are a number of ways of classifying ischaemic stroke. One of them is by anatomical classification e.g. anterior versus posterior circulation, the precise artery involved (e.g. left middle cerebral artery infarction) or the structure affected (e.g. right pontine infarct). It can also be classified according to the underlying etiology. A commonly used classification system is the TOAST…

Ischaemic Stroke with Haemorrhagic Transformation
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Ischaemic Stroke with Haemorrhagic Transformation

Ischaemic stroke with haemorrhagic transformation, also known as haemorrhagic infarct, occurs in approximately one-third of cases of ischaemic stroke. Haemorrhagic infarct occurs more commonly in the elderly, those with larger infarcts as well as those having received thrombolytic therapy. The mechanism of haemorrhagic infarct has been postulated to be due to the breakdown of the basal…

Epidural Haematomas
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Epidural Haematomas

This is the non-contrast CT (Figure 1) of a patient with an acute right-sided epidural haematoma . The skull vault is a tight space and the haematoma is causing significant mass effect, resulting in mid-line shift (the right cerebral hemisphere is shifted to the left as it can be seen crossing the mid-line). The epidural space is a potential…