As one can appreciate in this video, this middle-aged man has right-sided intention tremor. The right index finger shows exaggerated tremor when approaching the target, i.e. his nose and physician’s finger. Please note that the examiner should place his finger at around one arm’s length from the patient. This is so that the patient could fully extend his upper limb in order to accurately elicit the clinical sign.
This middle-aged man was admitted after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that occurred at home. Physical examination did not reveal any significant external wounds as a result of the seizure and there were no focal neurological signs. However, examination of the oral cavity showed presence of a haematoma at the side of the tongue. This occasionally…
In this video, the presence of ankle clonus is being tested. Clonus is defined as a series of rhythmic, involuntary muscular contractions induced by sudden passive stretching of a muscle or tendon. To test for ankle clonus, the leg and foot should be relaxed and the knee and ankle placed in a slight flexed position….
In this patient, there is a mild esotropia on neutral gaze as the left eye is slightly deviated medially. There is impaired left eye abduction resulting in diplopia when the patient is instructed to look towards the left. Discussion of the sign Abduction of the eye is controlled by the lateral rectus muscle, which is…
This patient presented with a few week history of progressive weakness affecting the four limbs associated with muscle pain. He found it increasingly difficult to lift up his arms to above his shoulder level and also to climb stairs. There was in addition unintentional weight loss of 20 pounds (baseline of 180 pounds) during the…
The patients shown in the these three videos all have idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. There is a typical resting tremor that involves the upper and lower limbs in the first patient, and only the upper limbs in the second and third patient. In all three patients, the right side is more severely affected. This is often the…
This is a video from a middle-aged man with myotonic dystrophy type 1, an autosomal dominant multi-systemic disorder that not only affects the muscles, but also causes other problems such as cataracts, arrhythmias and diabetes mellitus. The video shown here is typical of myotonia which can be seen in these patients. The tone is usually…