Neuroanatomy
Dr Raymond Chang
Similar Posts
Heel-shin Test
In this video, the patient exhibits a positive heel-shin test on the right side. Compared to the left (normal) side, the right lower limb is seen to be rather clumsy. The heel-shin test is a test to screen for ipsilateral cerebellar function. Once again, clear instructions are required for this test, and you could see…
Intention Tremor
Intention tremor can be elicited by the finger-nose test. In normal patients, the movements between the physician’s finger and patient’s nose should be smooth, but adjustment is allowed according to the patient’s upper limb power. This man has intention tremor and impaired finger-nose test on the right side, whilst the left side is normal. Discussion on intention…
Lower Limbs
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). Inspection of the Lower Limbs After positioning the patient on the bed and ensuring adequate exposure, the lower limbs should be inspected as follow: The examiner should stand at the end of the bed and…
Examining the Cranial Nerves
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). General Inspection During the general inspection of the cranial nerves, we should look for whether the patient has any ptosis, abnormal eye movements and facial asymmetry. We should also inspect for whether there are any neuro-cutaneous features (for example in patients…
Assessing the Level of Consciousness
Dr Gilberto Leung and Dr Gary Lau Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). Our level of consciousness is governed by our cerebral cortex as well as the subcortical ascending reticular formation. Patients with normal consciousness have a high level…
Ataxic Wide-based Gait
The gait is wide-based and the patient requires assistance from the physician for stabilization. The patient cannot turn within one or two steps but requires multiple steps. The physician then asks the patient to perform tandem-walking at the end of the video but the patient is unable to do so due to severe instability. The…