Neuroanatomy
Dr Raymond Chang
Similar Posts
Assessing the Level of Consciousness
Dr Gilberto Leung and Dr Gary Lau Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). Our level of consciousness is governed by our cerebral cortex as well as the subcortical ascending reticular formation. Patients with normal consciousness have a high level…
Heel-shin Test
In this video, the patient exhibits a positive heel-shin test on the right side. Compared to the left (normal) side, the right lower limb is seen to be rather clumsy. The heel-shin test is a test to screen for ipsilateral cerebellar function. Once again, clear instructions are required for this test, and you could see…
Pupil Examination
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). The size of the pupillary aperture at any point in time is dependent on a balance between sympathetic tone, parasympathetic tone, the light reflex and the near reflex. The light reflex is an…
Ataxic Wide-based Gait
The gait is wide-based and the patient requires assistance from the physician for stabilization. The patient cannot turn within one or two steps but requires multiple steps. The physician then asks the patient to perform tandem-walking at the end of the video but the patient is unable to do so due to severe instability. The…
Ocular Alignment and Extra-ocular Movement Examination
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). Stereopsis (three dimensional vision) is important in our every day lives. This ability is dependent on aligning both foveae on the same object with slightly dissimilar perspectives to give a perception of depth….
Examining the Cranial Nerves
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). General Inspection During the general inspection of the cranial nerves, we should look for whether the patient has any ptosis, abnormal eye movements and facial asymmetry. We should also inspect for whether there are any neuro-cutaneous features (for example in patients…