The set of MRIs shown here are from a middle-aged woman with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) – an autoimmune astrocytopathy. She was diagnosed with left sided optic neuritis 18 months ago, at that time presenting with subacute onset of left eye visual loss, as well as ...

In this video, the examiner is testing the tone of the lower limbs. After ensuring that the patient is fully relaxed, he first of all rolls each leg using both hands – one placed above the knee and another below the knee. Then, the examiner lifts up ...

To elicit this sign, the examiner strikes the patient’s sole using a blunt orange stick, starting from the heel, along the lateral border of the sole then medially to the base of the first toe. As one can see from the two videos, the patient ...