Examining the Sensory System
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on
(first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video).
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on
(first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video).
By palpating onto the iliac crest and spinal processes of the back, the site of needle puncture for lumbar puncture (LP) is identified. As the spinal cord ends at the level of L2 in adults, the spinal needle can be inserted safely between the L3/4 or L4/5 levels. The highest point of the iliac crest…
Subdural haematomas are far more common than epidural haematomas and acute subdural haematomas are one of the leading causes of death and disability in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Subdural haematomas are due to an accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid. This is most often due to head injury resulting in a…
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for ~55% of all cases of dementia. One to two percent of the population at age 65 will have dementia and the prevalence increases by 15-25% each decade. The neuro-pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease are due to two main processes. First of all, there…
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video). General Inspection During the general inspection of the cranial nerves, we should look for whether the patient has any ptosis, abnormal eye movements and facial asymmetry. We should also inspect for whether there are any neuro-cutaneous features (for example in patients…
In this video, the patient exhibits a positive heel-shin test on the right side. Compared to the left (normal) side, the right lower limb is seen to be rather clumsy. The heel-shin test is a test to screen for ipsilateral cerebellar function. Once again, clear instructions are required for this test, and you could see…
This patient presented with a few week history of progressive weakness affecting the four limbs associated with muscle pain. He found it increasingly difficult to lift up his arms to above his shoulder level and also to climb stairs. There was in addition unintentional weight loss of 20 pounds (baseline of 180 pounds) during the…