The set of cranial MRIs shown here are from a young woman with a known history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In the first scan (T2W axial cut), we can see multiple T2 hyperintense lesions involving bilateral cerebral cortices (Figure 1). These lesions are noted to be of a juxta-cortical and also peri-ventricular distribution, which are classical of multiple sclerosis. In the next…
In this contrast thoracic CT scan of a middle-aged woman with newly diagnosed seropositive generalized myasthenia gravis, an abnormal thymic lesion (present in the anterior mediastinal compartment) could be seen (Figure 1). The patient was referred to the Cardiothoracic Surgeons where she received a thymectomy via an open sternotomy. The thymic specimen was sent for histo-pathological…
This is a set of cranial MRIs from a patient with osmotic demyelination syndrome, formerly called central pontine myelinolysis. Osmotic demyelination syndrome occurs when wide fluxes in serum sodium levels are induced by too rapid correction of hyponatremia. Oligodendrocytes, which forms the myelin sheaths, are particularly vulnerable to osmotic changes. If the osmotic stress is…
This is a non-contrast cranial CT from a patient who sustained a fall injury, landing on the back of the head. The CT here shows the cranium utilizing the “bone window”. One can appreciate that the details of the skull bone is shown in greater detail. In contrast, the contents within the skull as well…
This is a non-contrast cranial CT from a middle-aged man with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who suffered a severe ischaemic stroke involving the left middle cerebral artery territory. There was significant cytotoxic cerebral oedema as a result of the extensive infarction. The patient was operated on by the Neurosurgeons and a left hemi-craniectomy was performed…