A. Clinical manifestations The clinical manifestations of encephalitis may be similar to those of meningitis. However, altered level of consciousness is a predominant sign. It can range from mild lethargy to deep coma. Moreover, focal or generalized seizures occur in many patients with encephalitis, especially in severe disease. Virtually every possible type of focal neurological…
A. Clinical manifestations The clinical course of brain abscess ranges from indolent to fulminant. Most clinical manifestations are not due to the systemic signs of infection, but rather to the size and site of the abscess. Headache is the most common presenting symptom. Other symptoms and signs include changes in mental status, focal neurological deficits,…
A. Clinical manifestations Cranial subdural empyema: fever, headache, altered mental status, symptoms and signs of raised intra-cranial pressure, meningeal irritation or focal irritation. Spinal subdural empyema: back pain, radiculopathy and spinal cord compression. Cranial epidural abscess: fever and headache (can be quite asymptomatic), focal neurological signs and seizures, raised intra-cranial pressure. Spinal epidural abscess: back…
A. Clinical manifestations The clinical manifestations of suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis depend on the sinus involved, the involvement of anatomical structures within the sinus, and coexisting central nervous system infection. The onset of symptoms may be abrupt or gradual depending on the extent and location of infection. Cavernous sinus: fever (>90%), periorbital oedema (73%), change in…
A. Clinical manifestations The clinical features of CSF shunt infection can be quite variable and depend on the pathogenesis of the infection, organism virulence and type of shunt. The most frequent symptoms are headache, nausea, lethargy, fever and change in mental status. Pain, often related to infection at the peritoneal or pleural endings of the…