Often, as a consequence of severe head injury, there may be haemorrhage within various intracranial compartments. In these 2 cases (Patient 1 – Figure 1, Patient 2 – Figures 2 to 11), both patients sustained a severe head injury. A combination of subdural , parenchymal and subarachnoid haemorrhage could be seen. In the second case,…
The MRI images shown here (Figures 1 to 5) are from a patient with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is caused by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the walls of small to medium-sized arteries and penetrating arterioles. Such aggregates are due to an imbalance between Aβ production and clearance. Whilst Aβ40 (40 meaning…
Cerebral vascular malformations can be classified by histopathology into 4 major types: Arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) Venous angiomas (developmental venous anomalies) Capillary telangiectasias and Cavernous malformations Arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular lesions due to dysregulated angiogenesis. They are most often solitary but rarely could be multiple, in which case an underlying syndrome (e.g. hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia,…
Herpes simplex encephalitis Viral encephalitis is a serious neurological disorder associated with relatively poor outcome. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is the most common causative agent for viral encephalitis. More than 95% of HSV encephalitis is caused by HSV type 1. HSV 1 is transmitted primarily via saliva which subsequently enters the oral mucosa and spreads…
The scans shown are from two immunocompromised patients who presented with high fever and recurrent seizures. The contrast cranial CT of the first patient shows that the patient had a rim-enhancing lesion at the left basal ganglia (Figure 1). A set of cranial MRIs of the second patient also showed multiple contrast enhancing lesions in the…