Examining the Sensory System
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video).
Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video).
Dementia with Lewy bodies is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, accounting for 15-20% of all cases. This form of dementia is due to an abnormal accumulation of Lewy bodies, which are spherical intra-neuronal protein aggregates consisting primarily of α-synuclein. Dementia with Lewy bodies is therefore considered as a synucleinopathy. Other synucleinopathies…
The scans shown are from two immunocompromised patients who presented with high fever and recurrent seizures. The contrast cranial CT of the first patient shows that the patient had a rim-enhancing lesion at the left basal ganglia (Figure 1). A set of cranial MRIs of the second patient also showed multiple contrast enhancing lesions in the…
This is a set of cranial MRIs from a patient with osmotic demyelination syndrome, formerly called central pontine myelinolysis. Osmotic demyelination syndrome occurs when wide fluxes in serum sodium levels are induced by too rapid correction of hyponatremia. Oligodendrocytes, which forms the myelin sheaths, are particularly vulnerable to osmotic changes. If the osmotic stress is…
Often, as a consequence of severe head injury, there may be haemorrhage within various intracranial compartments. In these 2 cases (Patient 1 – Figure 1, Patient 2 – Figures 2 to 11), both patients sustained a severe head injury. A combination of subdural , parenchymal and subarachnoid haemorrhage could be seen. In the second case,…
This is a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1, an autosomal dominant neuro-cutaneous disorder. In the first two photos (Figures 1 and 2), multiple neurofibromasas well as café-au-lait spots are present on the trunk and upper limbs. In the third and forth photo (Figures 3 and 4), freckling can be seen at the axillary and inguinal…
a) Various Densities in Axial Brain CT The normal anatomy of brain is relatively easier to understand with CT than MRI, comparing to radiograph, it can better delineate different soft tissue density – Structures appearing “white” in an unenhanced CT brain can only be the following high density structures : 1. Bone e.g. cranium ( calcium-containing ) 2. Blood in acute bleeding ( later…