Examining the Sensory System
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Subtitles in English for this video can be displayed by clicking on (first button on the bottom right hand corner of the video).
Bilateral watershed infarct The non-contrast CT brain shown is from a patient with bilateral watershed infarct. Here, chronic ischaemic changes can be seen along the external or cortical watershed zones (Figures 1 and 2). These “borderzones” is where the terminal vasculature of the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery meet as well as where the middle…
These are the cranial CT scans from a patient with a recent left cerebellar infarct . Due to the significant cytotoxic oedema as a result of the cerebellar infarct, the fourth ventricle is being compressed , thus obstructing the normal CSF flow. The CT scan shows features of obstructive hydrocephalus and there is dilatation of the third ventricle (now…
In this patient, there is a mild esotropia on neutral gaze as the left eye is slightly deviated medially. There is impaired left eye abduction resulting in diplopia when the patient is instructed to look towards the left. Discussion of the sign Abduction of the eye is controlled by the lateral rectus muscle, which is…
This patient complained of on and off tingling sensation over the lateral 3 ½ fingers of the right hand. There was wasting of the thenar muscles as noted in this photo. Further testing showed that the thumb abduction and opposition was weak. Tinel’s sign and Phalen’s test was positive. A nerve conduction study was performed,…
These two videos are from a middle-aged man presenting with progressive bilateral lower limb and right upper limb weakness for few months. In the first video, there are prominent fasciculations over the entire right upper limb. Whilst in the second video, fasciculations can also be noted over both lower limbs, but more prominent on the…
a) Various Densities in Axial Brain CT The normal anatomy of brain is relatively easier to understand with CT than MRI, comparing to radiograph, it can better delineate different soft tissue density – Structures appearing “white” in an unenhanced CT brain can only be the following high density structures : 1. Bone e.g. cranium ( calcium-containing ) 2. Blood in acute bleeding ( later…